In several occasions in the SOURCES of ISLAMIC period, the mythological stories of ancient Iran have been combined and merged with Jewish and Sami stories. For this matter, many mythological and national characters of ancient Iran have been connected to or identified with their corresponding ones in the Torah and Koran. Zoroaster is the ancient Iranian prophet who has been associated or occasionally identified with some Jewish and Semitic prophets such as Ebrahim/Abraham, Armiyah/ Jeremiah and Ozayz/Ezra. The present study is thus aimed at investigating these narratives and the reasons behind their identification. Moreover, it has attempted to find those responsible for creation of such narratives.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, ISLAMIC fundamentalism has been one of the influencial factors in the process of events in Central Asia. ISLAMIC groups have played an increasing role in 1990s developments in this Region. These groups that reflect deep impact of ISLAMIC thoughts and trends, been very active during last decade. Emergence of Taliban in Afghanistan and ethnic linkages between this country and its neighbours in Central Asia, lead to spill-over the waves of instability from Afghanistan to this Region. Consolidation of Taliban's power in Afghnistan also help to accelerate the process of peace negotiations in Tajikistan. A collection of factors have intensified the process of ISLAMIC fundamentalism growth in Central Asia. Recent events have demonstrated that ISLAMIC elements have played a very crucial role in the Region, and it constitutes basic part of its identity after Sep. 22. This factor have been more influencial than the past. Central Asia's political elits have percieved it as their major rival. This article puts the light on the origins of extending ISLAMIC fundamentalism in the Region.

Background: Social health is one of the most important aspects of human health, and among these, one of the most important issues is the social situations in which the components of social health occur. The purpose of this study is to investigate social health situations in ISLAMIC SOURCES. Methods: In this research, a combined method: the classical descriptive-analytical method in the study of religious SOURCES, and a panel of experts to determine the validity of the findings were used. Results: The research finding is that the twenty-four main concepts of social health appear in ten social situations namely: 1) The possessions of others, 2) the deprivation of others, 3) the fate of others, 4) the good received, 5) the bad received, 6) the honor received 7) interpersonal emotions, 8) communication excitement, 9) social covenants, 10) communication format. These situations are either directed at the person who has an active nature, or at others who have a reactive nature, or has a reciprocal and action-reactive nature. Conclusion: The result is that social health can be improved by focusing on these ten situations and planning focused on individual action, reacting to the behavior of others, and adjusting behavior to the cause of interaction.

Among different groups of SOURCES on Sasanid history, the writings of ISLAMIC classic authors, though compiled in the later centuries after Sasanid, are of great importance, due to their access to the original texts and SOURCES of that period. After Ibn-e Vazeh Ya'qobi, Tabari developed the first general history in ISLAMIC history. which was the most famous ISLAMIC general history. After him, most of the information in ISLAMIC general histories, except those exclusive of the Tabari's subject and time have been based on his materials.But among other ISLAMIC general histories, the compilations of Mas'odi and Ibn-Asir are of ISLAMIC historiography characteristics due to the content and manner of historiographies. The attitude and the styles of these historians and identification of SOURCES and authorities are considered important criteria to evaluate and criticize the content of their work. This article attempts to consider the SOURCES, the orginal news and reports, about Sassanid while investigating their attitude, styles and standing in ISLAMIC historiography about Sasanid. The variety of references of Sasanid history in Tabari and Mas'odi's manuscript, different reports concerning different cultural, political, social and ethnical trends with different approaches to the history of this period is a considerable subject in verifying Sasanid history in the writings of these authors. Although Ibn-e Asir has presented Sasanid history based on Tabari's reports, his history indicates the result of a verification process and saying selection, due to its refining and elimination of parallel and contradictory reports.

Blacksmithing, as an instrumental skill since the dawn of humanity, supplied the necessary instruments in the daily life as well as military and civil activities. Examining a wide range of historical, literary and social SOURCES, the present paper draws the scheme of blacksmithing in the structure and context of the traditional Muslim world. The method employed for this purpose is ‘thick description’. This task is undertaken by depicting the general scheme of the profession and investigating the phenomenal aspect of that, such as its various functions, the instruments, the workplace, professional ethics, monitoring and payment of the professional, main and subsidiary income and professional base and social status. Despite the high diversity of productions and demands of various groups of society, the profession was not - high-paying and those belonging to this guild were the lower classes in the Muslim world.

Abstract Death has been an important issue for humans throughout history, so religions, philosophical traditions, psychological and psychiatric approaches have analyzed this phenomenon. Meanwhile, the existential psychology approach has a more serious view of death and does not have the pessimistic view of some philosophical and psychological schools. This research examines the existential psychology approach and ISLAMIC SOURCES about the issue of death, apart from addressing before and after death qualities. The answer to three basic questions is the purpose of examining "death" based on existential psychology and ISLAMIC SOURCES. Examining the reality of death in psychology and ISLAMIC SOURCES is the first question of the present research. The second question is the characteristics of death in terms of psychology and ISLAMIC SOURCES; therefore, after examining death in existential psychology and ISLAMIC SOURCES, the characteristics of death have been examined from the point of view of these two approaches. The third question is a brief comparison between the two approaches of existential psychology and ISLAMIC SOURCES regarding the issue of death. Using a descriptive-analytical and deaskreaserch method this paper has been conducted.

According to classical texts, Dara stands out as a significant city from the early Parthian era, situated on the eastern fringes of the Parthian Empire. Classical SOURCES have documented this region under various names such as Apavortene, Zapaortenon, Partauticena, and Apauarcticena. Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, Iranologists have engaged in speculation about the location of Dara, drawing insights from descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny, as well as references to its whereabouts in classical texts. This research endeavors to offer relative conjectures concerning the location of Dara and Shahr-Tepe, a potential site representing it, through an evaluation of archaeological data alongside classical and ISLAMIC texts. To achieve the research objectives using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study employs the library research method and incorporates archaeological data. In alignment with classical texts, the research suggests that the province of Apavortene is situated in Eastern Iran, and there exists a likelihood that the ISLAMIC-period Abivard is a transformed manifestation of this Parthian-period province. Aditionally, a comparative examination of Dara in classical texts with present-day Shahr-Tepe in Dargaz reveals congruence, aligning with the descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny. Shahr-Tepe, located on the opposite side of Hezar Masjed Mountains between Nisa and Abivard, exhibits a singular historical period. Surrounded by Hezar Masjed Mountains, the region boasts an abundance of rivers and springs, expansive meadows, and remnants of forests within Tandooreh National Park and Tivan region. These characteristics confirm the general depiction of Apavortene and Dara found in classical SOURCES. Collectively, these findings suggest that Shahr-Tepe, covering an area of approximately 70 hectares, could indeed represent the prominent city of the early Parthian period

Background and Objective: Family, as one of the key social institutions, has received attention from various perspectives since ancient times. The functionality of families, improving the quantity and quality of marital relationships, methods of conflict resolution within marriages, and precisely what leads to the success or failure of marital relationships have not been fully deciphered yet. Therefore, for the core functions of a family to be satisfactorily fulfilled, it must possess an efficient, healthy, and sustainable structure and performance. This study aims to explore the components of a healthy family from the perspective of ISLAMIC teachings and SOURCES. Methods: The current research employs content analysis method. Sterling's method of thematic network analysis was utilized for content analysis. The thematic network provides a framework akin to an organizing principle and method of representation. It systematically organizes themes into three levels: basic themes (codes and key points in the text), organizing themes (themes derived from the combination and summarization of basic themes), and global themes (comprehensive themes encompassing the governing principles of the text). These themes are then depicted as network maps resembling a web, highlighting prominent themes at each of these three levels along with their interrelationships. MAXQDA 22 software was utilized for data analysis to ensure the accuracy of the findings. The authors of the article reported no conflict of interest. Results: Based on ISLAMIC SOURCES, a ’healthy family’ encompasses a set of roles and activities that spouses undertake in various life situations and paths to ensure their marital satisfaction and continuity. In fact, the ISLAMIC model of a healthy family is rooted in the fact that the family institution is the first and most stable platform for educating and cultivating human religious and moral values. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the main condition for having a healthy and desirable society is the institutionalization of divine transcendent values ​​in society and the promotion of health, strengthening and stability of the family.